Plant blight5/7/2023 ![]() On the contrary, traditional agricultural management practices assume that parameters in crop fields are homogeneous, thereby leading to pesticide application and crop health management that is not clearly related to the existing disease management situation ( Hillnhütter and Mahlein 2008). This system aims to attain real-time, robust mapping systems for crop, soil, and environment variables to facilitate a management decision ( Fig. Precision agriculture is a crop management system based on the spatial and temporal variability in crop and soil factors within a field ( Stafford 2000). Precision agriculture and plant phenotyping are information- and technology-based domains with specific demands and challenges for the diagnosis and detection of plant diseases ( Fig. The most relevant areas of application of sensor-based analyses are precision agriculture and plant phenotyping. Nondestructive, sensor-based methods support and expand upon visual and/or molecular approaches to plant disease assessment. Accurate and reliable detection of diseases is facilitated by highly sophisticated and innovative methods of data analysis that lead to new insights derived from sensor data for complex plant-pathogen systems. Different platforms from proximal to remote sensing are available for multiscale monitoring of single crop organs or entire fields. ![]() Recently, 3D scanning has also been added as an optical analysis that supplies additional information on crop plant vitality. Optical techniques, such as RGB imaging, multi- and hyperspectral sensors, thermography, or chlorophyll fluorescence, have proven their potential in automated, objective, and reproducible detection systems for the identification and quantification of plant diseases at early time points in epidemics. Early and accurate detection and diagnosis of plant diseases are key factors in plant production and the reduction of both qualitative and quantitative losses in crop yield. ![]()
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